Hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata is a critically endangered species. The hatching rate of this species on Kharm Island, Chonburi Province, Thailand declined recently. Presence of Salmonella, a lethal pathogen for turtle, was suspected to contaminate in hatchery facility and eggs consequently. Samples from four sources were evaluated for bacterial contamination, emphasized on Salmonella. As a result, the number of suspected bacteria isolated from sand in hatchery nests (n=30), eggs associated sand (n=90), fluid of oviposit eggs from three nests (n= 9), and fluid or swab of failed eggs (n=220) were 458, 511, 48, and 1,179 isolates, respectively.  Although the genus Salmonella was not detected in all examined  samples, several other bacterial species belonging to the genera Citrobacter spp., Proteus spp., Edwardsiella spp., and Shewanella spp. were determined among suspected isolates from all samples except from fluid of oviposit eggs. Interestingly, Citrobacter spp. and Proteus spp. were found in abundance from both hatchery sand samples and failed eggs. This data implied that reused hatchery nest contaminated with these bacteria could be a major problem causing reduction in hatching rate of the hawksbill turtle. In contrast, Shewanella spp. was found in eggs associated sand samples and failed eggs, which indicated potential contamination from turtle mother. The hatchery nest temperature during study ranged from 26.3 to 32.5 ^oC compared to natural nest at 28.1 to 32.3 ^oC. The average hatching rate of green turtle and hawksbill turtle during 2012-2013 were 52.4% and 43.8%, respectively. According to these data, use of disinfectant or sunlight exposure to the reused nests, carefully handling of egg collections and other environmental factors such as moisture should be considered and applied at turtle conservation on Khram Island in order to increase hatching rate of hawksbill turtles.