Presently, Cerebrovascular disease or Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Though stroke is still increasing its importance, the therapeutic efficacy is still not satisfaction level. Therefore, the searching for an acceptable cheap and safe neuroprotective agent is in a great demand. Based on the neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing effects in medicinal plant antioxidant propoerties, we hypothesized that Allium sativum extract  might attenuate memory impairment and brain damage in focal cerebral ischemia mouse. This study was set up to determine the effects and possible mechanism of actions of Allium sativum extract. Male Mouse had been orally given Allium sativum extract at doses of 50 and 100 mg.kg-1 BW for 14  days before and 14 days after the occlusion of right middle cerebral artery (Rt.MCAO). Rats were evaluated spatial memory using Morris water maze every 7 days after Rt.MCAO throughout 14-day experimental period, Neurological Score Assessment, thermal stimulation test and then they were sacrificed. The results show that the Allium sativum extract significantly improved memory performance in Morris water maze test and neurological score. Conclusion: The Allium sativum extract is the potential neuroprotective agent and cognitive enhancing plant. However, further researches are required identify the possible active ingredient and precise underlying mechanism.